A great read below by Brett Contreas - a common question asked, so what's the best exercise for x, y or z!
by Bret Contreras
First, I apologize if I left out one of your favorite exercises. Don't take it personally. I performed these experiments in my garage, and while I have one of the baddest garage gyms in Arizona, I don't have a lot of machines. So you pec-deck folks can drop me some hate mail.
I'm also sorry I couldn't test more individuals. These experiments are very labor-intensive; in order to measure every exercise on every muscle part using a variety of subjects would be a project of colossal proportions. (And one I'd need a few thousand dollars and a keg of Guinness to perform.) Just remember this: people are different, but not that different. What's true for me is probably true for you.
Finally, I'm not going to make any judgments regarding the safety of any exercise. I realize that certain exercises pose greater risks to the joints than others, but every guy has the right to train however the hell he chooses. As lifters, we can choose to assume a lot of risk or little risk since we're the owners of our bodies.
Oh, one more thing: good form, a natural tempo, and a full range of motion were always used in these experiments.
Now that the pre-flight safety announcement list of warnings is over, let's get to it. Are you ready to build some huge pecs and horseshoe triceps?
What You've Been Waiting For! The Exercises.
Since this is a bodybuilding experiment, I never used a weight that was too heavy to perform at least five repetitions. The mean number is on top and the peak number is on bottom. (If you don't know what I'm talking about, please read "What Are Mean and Peak Activation?")
| Exercise | Upper Pec | Mid Pec | Lower Pec | Tri Long Head |
| 135 lb Bench Press | 53.8 111.0 |
69.5 157.0 |
42.0 82.7 |
14.3 51.2 |
| 225 lb Bench Press | 125.0 230.0 |
181.0 408.0 |
116.0 347.0 |
47.8 109.0 |
| 275 lb Bench Press | 109.0 198.0 |
177.0 288.0 |
130.0 345.0 |
73.5 153.0 |
| 135 lb Incline Press | 87.1 157.0 |
68.3 197.0 |
25.3 60.2 |
18.9 42.7 |
| 225 lb Incline Press | 135.0 222.0 |
133.0 374.0 |
69.4 249.0 |
48.7 84.0 |
| 245 lb Incline Press | 130.0 261.0 |
156.0 422.0 |
89.4 337.0 |
55.8 109.0 |
| 100 lb DB Bench Press | 122.0 192.0 |
204.0 451.0 |
88.1 252.0 |
43.7 128.0 |
| 90 lb DB Incline Press | 128.0 310.0 |
124.0 286.0 |
59.0 172.0 |
35.5 98.9 |
| BW Dip | 73.7 164.0 |
105.0 234.0 |
124.0 266.0 |
73.9 150.0 |
| 115 lb Dip | 140.0 232.0 |
192.0 332.0 |
214.0 418.0 |
124.0 217.0 |
| 225 lb Close Grip Press | 106.0 211.0 |
137.0 229.0 |
77.5 217.0 |
52.6 107.0 |
| 225 lb Wide Grip Guillotine Press | 114.0 302.0 |
176.0 511.0 |
169.0 502.0 |
61.9 142.0 |
| 225 lb Floor Press | 106.0 197.0 |
148.0 248.0 |
121.0 255.0 |
52.2 112.0 |
| 275 lb Floor Press | 132.0 265.0 |
197.0 356.0 |
154.0 347.0 |
64.8 170.0 |
| 50 lb Fly | 116.0 226.0 |
165.0 354.0 |
150.0 387.0 |
13.2 26.1 |
| 60 lb Fly | 133.0 231.0 |
195.0 493.0 |
160.0 450.0 |
14.9 31.3 |
| 50 lb Incline Fly | 125.0 249.0 |
135.0 344.0 |
77.3 257.0 |
12.6 20.0 |
| 100 lb High Pulley Crossover | 107.0 201.0 |
168.0 311.0 |
153.0 397.0 |
9.6 19.1 |
| 100 lb Mid Pulley Crossover | 154.0 252.0 |
154.0 271.0 |
124.0 251.0 |
11.5 23.1 |
| 100 lb Low Pulley Crossover | 135.0 233.0 |
78.6 249.0 |
36.9 74.8 |
20.2 77.2 |
| BW Push Up | 109.0 204.0 |
124.0 252.0 |
101.0 194.0 |
24.0 38.7 |
| BW CG Push Up | 103.0 188.0 |
118.0 188.0 |
70.7 119.0 |
22.9 43.2 |
| BW Elevated Push Up | 96.6 156.0 |
102.0 232.0 |
52.7 167.0 |
24.0 46.6 |
| BW Blast Strap Push Up | 113.0 206.0 |
166.0 363.0 |
177.0 352.0 |
35.3 107.0 |
| Purple Band Push Up | 115.0 168.0 |
125.0 294.0 |
113.0 217.0 |
51.8 78.7 |
| Green Band Push Up | 151.0 239.0 |
162.0 268.0 |
121.0 238.0 |
59.3 125.0 |
| 100 lb DB Pullover | 55.7 119.0 |
88.6 186.0 |
53.8 164.0 |
66.9 153.0 |
| JC Band Press | 143.0 272.0 |
45.7 91.0 |
53.0 127.0 |
21.0 52.6 |
| 95 lb Skull Crusher | 45.6 89.5 |
21.5 48.6 |
70.7 118.0 |
116.0 172.0 |
| 120 lb Rope Extension | 6.9 14.9 |
5.4 21.9 |
36.1 82.5 |
135.0 276.0 |
| 140 lb Cable Extension | 9.3 21.3 |
9.3 18.7 |
78.2 172.0 |
132.0 255.0 |
| Purple Band Extension | 11.4 27.4 |
10.7 19.5 |
69.4 174.0 |
120.0 221.0 |
| 140 lb Cable Overhead Extension | 19.4 41.0 |
19.2 130.0 |
40.6 126.0 |
109.0 206.0 |
The Winners
Based on this experiment, here are the top three exercises in terms of mean and peak activity for each muscle part:
Upper Pec
Mean Mid Pulley Crossover, Band Push Up, JC Band Press
Peak DB Incline Press, Guillotine Press, JC Band Press
Mid Pec
Mean DB Bench Press, Floor Press, Fly
Peak Guillotine Press, DB Bench Press, Fly
Lower Pec
Mean Weighted Dip, Blast Strap Push Up, Guillotine Press
Peak Guillotine Press, Fly, Weighted Dip
Medial Triceps
Mean Rope Extension, Cable Extension, Weighted Dip
Peak Rope Extension, Cable Extension, Band Extension
Confirmations
It's important to know that I used a powerlifting-style bench press: arched low back, good leg drive, arms at a 45-degree angle, slightly narrower grip, bar lowered to the lower chest. The form used for the guillotine press was straight from late Iron Guru Vince Gironda: feet on the bench, no arch, elbows flared out, wider grip, bar lowered to the neck. It's no surprise the guillotine press works much more pec than the bench press.
Looking at the entire pecs, we find much variety in movements. This jives with the old bodybuilder theory that the best workout should hit muscles from a lot of angles with different forms of resistance. We've always known the pecs respond to a good stretch, as shortened ranges of motion rarely build a nice chest.
I've long-suspected that pec isolation movements can rival compound movements in terms of pec activity. This study confirms that suspicion. Powerlifting gurus like Louie Simmons and Dave Tate have always discussed the importance of triceps specialization for a strong bench. This experiment lends support to their recommendations.
Surprises
Although I knew that the guillotine press worked much more pec than a bench press, I was surprised to find that a guillotine press with 225 pounds worked more pec than a bench press with 275 pounds! I found it very surprising that the floor press and band push up squeaked their way into the winner's circle, as they're the only movements in the entire winner's group that do not move the pecs into a stretch position.
Although I've always felt the JC band press worked a ton of pec (the bands typically place the most stress in the contracted position), I didn't expect it to work as much pec as it did. I can walk out really far with the JC bands and get a ton of tension in the movement, and the increased stabilization efforts may focus more tension on the pecs and less on the triceps. I was surprised that the barbell incline press and incline fly didn't make it into the winner's circle, especially for upper pec activity.
The pullover always gets the long head of my triceps very sore, so I was wondering if it would top the charts in muscle activity. But activation does not always equate to soreness, as stretch position exercises produce more soreness while contracted position exercises produce more of a pump.
I was actually very surprised at how much better triceps isolation exercises seem to work the triceps in comparison to compound movements. However, the body likes to grow proportionately; you rarely see a guy with huge arms and a puny torso, so don't neglect compound movements for triceps development.
What If?
During experiments like these, one is often left with much curiosity. What if I would have gone heavier on the guillotine press? I could have gone much heavier, as 225 is a relatively light weight for me on that exercise. The same goes for dumbbell bench press—I could have gone heavier.
How would the pec deck have faired? What if I would have placed the electrodes on the inner and outer pecs? Would the activity be the same, or can we isolate those areas as well? (Doubtful.)
What if I would have performed wide-grip weighted dips? What if I would have worn a weighted vest during blast strap push-ups? What if I would have measured the activation in the lateral head of the triceps? Would it have matched the activity in the long head of the triceps, or do they function much differently? What if Miley Cyrus was 18? Would she date a musclehead from Arizona?
Clearly more research is needed, as it's impossible to anticipate everything prior to an experiment, no matter how prepared and organized you seem.
The Best Damn Pec and Triceps Workout
Based on the results of this experiment, I bet the following would be one kick-ass workout that'd target the upper, mid, and lower pecs as well as the triceps. Enjoy!
Guillotine Press or Dumbbell Bench Press
Dumbbell Incline Press or Mid-Pulley Crossover
Weighted Dip or Fly
Rope Extension or Cable Extension